UNIT-II

UNIT-1 OPERATING SYSTEM OVERVIEW: 1. Introduction 2. O.S Functions 3. O.S Operations 4. Computing Environment 5. Free and Open Source O.S 1. Operating System Functions] Operating systems (OS) are essential software that manage computer hardware and software resources. They serve as an interface between the user and the computer hardware. The primary functions of an operating system include: 1. Process Management Scheduling: Determines the order and amount of time processes run on the CPU. Multitasking: Allows multiple processes to run simultaneously. Process Synchronization: Ensures processes share resources without conflicts. Process Communication: Enables processes to exchange information. Process Creation/Termination: Manages starting and stopping processes. 2. Memory Management Allocation and Deallocation: Manages the assignment of memory to processes. Virtual Memory: Extends physical memory by using disk space. Memory Protection: Prevents processes from interfering with each other’s memory. 3. File System Management File Organization: Structures data into files and directories. Access Control: Provides security by controlling access to files. Storage Management: Keeps track of where data is stored on disk. File Operations: Enables creation, reading, writing, and deletion of files. 4. Device Management Device Drivers: Interfaces with hardware devices such as printers, disks, and keyboards. I/O Control: Manages input and output operations.